Cultural Roles of Chinese Migrants in Edo Japan: Translation, Interpreting and Beyond
During Japan's self-imposed isolation (1639-1859), Nagasaki was the country's only port open for international trade: merchants from two nations, Holland and China, were granted access. While in Nagasaki, the Dutch and Chinese were each confined to their own tightly controlled districts: on Dejima Island 出島 (from 1639) and in Tōjin yashiki 唐人屋敷 (Chinese Quarter, from 1689) respectively.