Promoting discipline of translation
Translation Seminar Series (Since 2001)
翻譯在基督教的興起中發揮了至關重要的作用。沒有翻譯，就沒有文化的融合，就沒有《聖經》，就沒有深刻影響了西方文明的基督教本身。本報告將探討基督教興起的歷史背景，基督教經典產生過程中從希伯來語書面語到希臘語的筆頭翻譯，從阿拉米語口頭語到希臘語的口頭翻譯；一些希伯來語和阿拉米語詞匯乃至句子之音譯為希臘語；以及翻譯過程中不可避免的價值理念的衝突和融通。
The evolution of a literary translator from rudimentary beginnings and intra-lingual practice to a more sophisticated inter-lingual one. Also, specific problems encountered, and insights gained, during the course of translating particular works of Chinese poetry. A First Principle of literary translation: The translated poem must be a good poem in the target language or it isn’t translation.
During a major part of the twentieth century, to the Western world and the world at large, the most well-known Chinese writer/intellectual was Lin Yutang. It is now generally believed that Lin Yutang’s greatest contribution lies in his introduction and translation of Chinese culture to the world.
當今翻譯研究的多元化格局，在研究路徑上表現為本體的、跨學科的（inter-disciplinary），以及超越學科的（trans-disciplinary）取向。本文試圖提出一種較新的理論模式：翻譯社會學。
首先根據翻譯實踐的實際，提出了一個可以作為分析依據的翻譯語境框架。其次，提出翻譯研究的等級或層次。最後，從意識形態與話語的角度考察翻譯這一社會實踐，以及三者之間的內在關係。
文化的內需機制時常促使著自身不斷地與外界發生交往，翻譯又常能在異質文化交互中搭建起聯通的橋樑。鑒於關鍵詞是核心文化觀念的集中載體，同時也是洞悉文化體系的方便視窗，本篇試將在跨文化交際的視角下，以「文學」以及與之緊密相聯的幾個關鍵詞為切入點，考察自明末清初以來到新文學運動時期，部分西方核心文化觀念在東西文化接觸和碰撞的過程中，如何經歷了眾譯家的「集體」處理，進而彙入到主體文化體系，並在近現代漢語思想界和文學界散發出巨大的文化威攝力量。
The translation of Christian tracts was given high priority by Protestant missionaries for the conversion of Chinese people in the nineteenth century. In the process of cross-cultural translation, missionaries had to work within the constraints of their own linguistic competence, the specific needs of Chinese audience, and the stipulated agendas of religious institutions.
- Introduction to UBS: ethos and approaches;
- Our Context: Asia Pacific;
- Translation principles:
- What distinguishes “Bible Translation” and “other translations (i.e. translation of other materials)”?
- Current practices of Bible Translation in UBS
- What are involved in a Bible revision? (e.g. base texts, exegesis, language style etc.);
- Issues and challenges related to the making of RCUV;
- Scope of the revision of RCUV.
Reading Gao Xingjian’s entire repertoire of writings prompts one to reflect on the relationship between literary production and its context. His works show both advantage and crisis of cross-cultural writing. In the early 1980s he advocated a Modernist style of writing in contemporary China.
Since the enactment of the first Hong Kong bilingual ordinance in 1989, tremendous effort and resources have been put to translating English legal documents into Chinese. Long before the implementation of bilingual legislation, the provision of interpreting services has been an entrenched practice in the courtrooms of Hong Kong.
Can an author claim ownership of a translation on the grounds that it is the same ‘work’ as the original? How is an original ‘present’ in a translation? How do translations ‘represent’ originals? The seminar seeks answers to these questions by exploring some of the historical debates about the Christian doctrine of the Real Presence.
Howard Goldblatt has taught modern Chinese literature and culture for more than a quarter of a century. The foremost translator of modern and contemporary Chinese literature in the West, he has published English translations of more than thirty novels and story collections by writers from China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
唐代詩人寒山在漫長的中國詩史中一直是寂寂無聞。然而到了20世紀50年代，他和他的詩卻獲得了所有中國”主流詩人”們也許永遠都無法企及的成就。在大洋彼岸，寒山成了美國年輕一代頂禮膜拜的精神領袖，寒山詩也成爲”舊金山文藝復興”的經典之作。到了20世紀80年代，第一個寒山詩全譯本問世，緊接著，在1990年又出現了第二個全譯本。與此同時，寒山詩更是全面進入美國各大文學選集和東亞文學的大學講堂。
The Seven Lakes Canto is an important poem in understanding Ezra Pound’s poetic writing, translation and cultural criticism. This talk traces various resources Pound had own to: the “screen book” from his parents, Miss Zeng’s translation, then explores how Pound made it new and put the translation and other poems into writing of this Canto.
In 1956 Ma Lang (馬朗) launched Literary Current Monthly Magazine (文藝新潮) as a vehicle for publishing both creative work of Chinese writers and translations of modernist literature. These translations constituted the first systematic attempt in Hong Kong to introduce Chinese readers to modernist works from foreign literatures.
This is a postcolonially inflected historical narrative of translations from India during the “long” nineteenth century, ranging from 1777 when an Indian text was first translated into English, upto 1913 when a book of poems, self-translated into English by its Indian author, won him the Nobel prize.
The field of literary translation in contemporary Israel can serve as a test case for examining aspects of the dynamics of a semi-professional group striving to improve its status as a profession. The Israeli case seem to be especially illuminating since, as an ambitious peripheral culture, translation – and cultural importation in general – plays in it a more significant role than in more central cultures.
It is argued that the various activities involved with the making of ideas and images for the management of human life are crucial for the production of energy in any society, especially in periods of instability. This energy makes it often possible to allow societies not only sustain themselves over time, or survive, but also successfully compete on an inter-societal level, which basically can be considered to be “success”.
現代文學研究表明翻譯詩歌在主體文學多元系統有著舉足輕重地位，漢語學界就此卻甚少有過系統深入研究。本文試圖運用現代西方描寫翻譯學理論，嘗試在白話文學語境下通過個案分析，討論二十世紀初葉中國幾位重要詩人兼翻譯家的譯詩與譯論，以及其譯作表現出的散體化現象。鑒於翻譯就是一種重寫行為，在翻譯的過程譯者必然受制於意識形態和詩學觀，這樣必然不可能忠實地去翻譯原文，這點對於早期的英詩漢譯活動同樣適用。
這是一個基本上研究翻譯的工作坊，以戲劇的形式進行。除此以外，工作坊亦旨在一次過介紹戲劇、翻譯、教育，及箇中的關係。「文化翻譯」可以有兩種意思。第一種是宏觀的，即透過翻譯活動介紹一種文化，例如聖經佛經翻譯、菜牌的翻譯等。第二種是微觀的，即在翻譯的過程中碰到原文的意思跟譯文讀者有文化差異時，譯者所作的處理，例如在一句莎劇台詞中出現一個希臘典故時，譯者究竟可以怎樣處理。一般而言，第一種情況跟第二種情況都互相滲透。
Thomas Kuhn’s famous book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, first published in 1962, with a second and enlarged edition in 1970 and followed by many reprints, has exerted a tremendous influence on literary and cultural studies far beyond its original purpose of understanding specific changes in the history of science.
Essential to this paper is Lefevere’s Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame (1992), which explains in detail the concepts of “rewriting” and “manipulation”, and explores how translation is affected by four important factors, namely “ideology”, “poetics”, “patronage” and “professionals”.
As part of a research project on translation, the paper investigates and studies both Chinese and Western metaphors of translation that have appeared since classical times. Based on the more than 260 Chinese and English language metaphors that have been collected by the investigator in the research, the paper takes a diachronic and descriptive view of issues, and offers some in-depth analyses and discussions of how metaphors can serve as an important window on the ways in which we see translation.
The witty Italian formulation traduttore-traditore (translator-traducer) is an appropriate point of departure for this seminar on cultural adaptation and translation for the stage. As recently as the beginning of the last century a great playwright like Chekhov could express profound scepticism about the ability of the literary translator to translate the cultural specificities of his plays into a language other than Russian.
This paper analyzes several terms used in ancient China to refer to the activity/activities now called ‘fanyi’ in Chinese, or ‘translation’ in English. By tracing the pattern behind the semantic and ideological jogging amongst these terms, the paper offers a new interpretation of the earliest Chinese attempts to define translation (‘fanyi’).
Faced with an increasingly polarized and violent world in which the opportunities for remaining ‘neutral’ are continually being eroded, translators – like most professional groups – are finding it difficult to position themselves, individually and as a group, in relation to various narratives that circulate around them and among them.
語篇分析途徑指的是以功能語言學理論爲基礎、探討語言意義、人際關係和語篇功能在交際中如何體現的研究方法。翻譯研究中的語篇分析涉及兩種語言、兩種不同的文本、兩個讀者群體以及他們所生活的兩種不同的文化社會，因而較之單語中的語篇分析更爲複雜，也更有研究的價值。本講座討論的重點是：（1）語篇分析途徑的範圍及其特點；（2）語篇分析途徑對英漢翻譯研究的應用意義。
龐德先後兩次將《大學》譯成英文，第二個譯本與原作有著明顯的不同。本文回顧該譯本產生的歷史情境，譯者的翻譯目的以及闡釋方法，以豐富的例證表明，基於對漢字片面理解的析字法，其實是龐德實踐其現代主義詩學和更新、復活儒學的手段；而他頗具後現代特色的語言觀和翻譯觀，也通過這種獨特的翻譯方法得到體現。
Jane C.C. Lai has a long association with the Hong Kong theatre scene, mainly in the area of translation of playscripts for performance. She translated (with Martha P.Y. Cheung) 100 Excerpts from Zen Buddhist Texts (1997) and (with Martha P.Y. Cheung and others) Hong Kong Collage: Contemporary Stories and Writing (1998). Jane C.C. Lai is the founding director of the Centre for Translation.
《結婚集》(Married)是瑞典劇作家兼小說家斯特林堡 (August Strindberg, 1849-1912) 的短篇小說集。梁實秋於一九三○年出版了中譯本《結婚集》(上海中華書局)，是根據瑟爾查 (Thomas Seltzer) 一九一七年的英譯本轉譯而來。但瑟爾查的英譯本有十九篇故事，梁實秋只選譯了其中的九篇。梁實秋為什麼沒有翻譯另外十篇？在文藝思想上，梁實秋與斯特林堡有很大的差別，他為什麼要選譯斯特林堡的作品？
本文將從批判角度回顧過去五十年來的翻譯研究發展，嘗試指出從其他不同學術領域引進的概念思維，塑造了翻譯研究上的三大研究途徑，並指出語言學研究途徑於1990年代出現了「語篇」轉向，衍生了一種大有可為的研究模式，然後，再從研究方法、範疇、程序及材料各個項目詳細闡釋「語境」轉向的前景。
James Legge (1815-1897) produced what is arguably the most important corpus of European language based translations of ancient Chinese texts and commentaries during the imperial Chinese era. His monumental eight-tomes-in-five-volumes set of the Chinese Classics (first edition, 1861-1872; partially revised edition in 1893-1895) set a new sinological standard for European sinology and what later has became known in Anglo-American contexts as “Chinese studies”.
The aim of the research is to establish links between translation studies and contact linguistics. In so doing, the speaker will report her research on some translation phenomena in several newspapers in Guangzhou from a contact linguistic perspective. It is found that the translation procedures involved have strong bearing on the Chinese-English contact environment and are subject to both linguistic and social factors of language contact.
A text is never an isolated entity. It is always at the same time an intertext. Meaning is not generated exclusively within the text, but also around the text. After the compelling “cultural turn” in Translation Studies, it is almost impossible for any responsible translators not to look at the text to be translated and the translated text as cultural products, and thus see her/himself as an active participant of cultural production in the society.
先後任香港中文大學英文系、翻譯系、浸會大學英文系、加拿大阿爾貝塔大學比較文學系、俄羅斯莫斯科大學亞非學院等校的高級訪問學者，應邀出席在美國、加拿大、日本、南非等國家舉行的國際學術會議並做大會主題發言十餘次。主要開設的研究生課程有：西方翻譯史，當代西方翻譯理論研究，比較文學概論，比較文學名著選讀等。
In this presentation, Professor Stuart Campbell will argue that the assessment of interpreting and translation competence lags far behind achievements in other areas of interpreting/translation studies. The principal reason is that assessment instruments (i.e. tests of various kinds) have developed in isolation from the mainstream of educational measurement and assessment theory; their results may not be reliable, and the procedures themselves may not be valid.
長期以來，翻譯理論研究的爭論過於偏執自己的理論，而對其他對立觀點的寬容不夠，這是應該避免的一種方法論歧途。巴赫金的語境和對話理論對翻譯的理論研究有著重要的指導意義。本文先簡要地介紹了巴赫金的語境和對話理論，然後分析了翻譯作為語言轉換的社會行為的語境和對話關係，以具體實例分析了語境各因素的共時和歷時對話關係在譯文重構中的作用，認為翻譯語境的每一種變化都可能要求對原文進行一次新的話語重構，要求一個新的譯本（或新的表達方式），而每一次翻譯都只是特定歷史時期特定環境中發出的一個獨特聲音，有它的時代合理性和語境得體性，需要得到其他聲音的尊重和聆聽。
New findings from the field of intellectual history clarify existing inconsistencies and political biases concerning Yan Fu’s persona and translations, especially Tianyanlun, historicizing him as a persistent seeker of the Confucian dao. Close examination of his essays, correspondence and translational remarks suggests that his words and deeds were steeped in Confucian (or classical) poetics, a totally different concept from modern pure literary poetics.
無論在東方還是西方，自從翻譯開始被思考、被理論化之後，”忠實”就一直是翻譯的最高標準，但在我族主義自戀情結的有意無意的促動下，這樣的”忠實”並不是無條件的，而通常是被定義為以目的語言文化價值觀為歸依的同化式或歸化式的”忠實”，語義等值被視為超文化、超時空、超經驗、壓倒一切的終極追求。
應用語料庫開展語言和翻譯方面的研究，有助於拓寬我們對研究物件的認識。本次講題分兩部分：1）簡介北外通用型英漢對應語料庫的研製和構成，2）應用此雙語語料庫在英漢語句對應和文本對應上的新發現。語句對應因翻譯方向和文本類型不同而表現出一定的差異，文本對應上則呈現目標語文本擴增特點。
五四時期，泰戈爾作品的譯介與研究對新文學運動產生了重要的影響，尤其是在詩歌創作方面，受影響最大的詩人有郭沫若、鄭振鐸、冰心、徐志摩等，影響的方面包括詩學主張、主題選擇、表現形式以及創作方法等。
作者試圖以後現代和後殖民批評中的一對核心概念普遍性 (universality) 與差異性 (difference) 為切入點，以蜜雪兒‧福柯的權力話語理論為理論基礎，利用後殖民批評中的差異性的話語以及「東方主義」、「民族主義」、「雜合理論」等不同理論視角，依次對翻譯活動中譯者對原語文化中不同文本的選擇以及對待原語文本中差異性的態度以及處理方法的背後動因進行考察，並由此來揭示文化之間地位和權力的差異以及譯者所屬的目的語文化相對與原語文化地位差異對翻譯活動和譯學構建產生的影響，對披上普遍性外衣而被當作普世文化大力推廣的西方的語言、文化和思想提出了質疑，對為了追求文化的「純潔性」而對其他文化的差異性採取排斥態度的文化部落主義也進行了反思，進而對在翻譯活動或是譯學構建中表現出來的各種形態的本族文化中心主義（文化霸權主義、狹隘的民族主義等）進行抨擊。
The talk will begin with a brief overview of iconicity as a syntactic phenomenon and a stylistic concept. It then discusses how iconicity has been regarded as an important source of psychological effects in textualization. It argues that in translating a literary text, the syntax has to be observed not only for its “utilitarian” functions, but more importantly, for its “enabling” functions, so as to understand its cognitive potential of iconicity.
Between 1999 and 2001 the University of Western Sydney was contracted to establish a Translation and Interpreting Unit for the government of the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic. The project was funded by the Australian Agency for International Development, and the head contract was let to Sagric International, a major consulting company.
Two layers of reality are manifested in the courtroom: that of the courtroom itself, the courtroom reality, and that of the events under examination in the case, the external reality. Both realities are represented through the language used in the courtroom. While interpreters tend to faithfully interpret language referring to the external reality, there are consistent and significant changes in their interpreted representation of the courtroom reality.
In this paper I survey the semantic fields and root metaphors of “fate” in Classical Greece and pre-Buddhist China. The Chinese material focuses on the Warring States, Han, and the reinvention of the earlier lexicon in contemporary Chinese terms. The Greek study focuses on Homer, Parmenides, the problem of fate and necessity, Platonic daimons, and the “On Fate” topos in Hellenistic Greece.
This paper is the part of a broader research project entitled Type, Reader, Translator, and Strategy, which discusses the development of the “functionalist approach to translation studies” represented by Katharina Reiss, Peter Newmark, Christiane Nord, etc. Text typology has been one of the major concerns of German translation scholarship for decades.
As the great suspect within the relatively recent tradition of modernist Anglo-Chinese translation, Ezra Pound has enjoyed a rather uneven legacy. A wide variety of scholars have lauded his Confucian translations as the products of a remarkable and contingent, if naive, convergence between Imagism and Confucian/Taoist discourses widely available to Western artists after 1910.
歸化的翻譯給譯文一方帶來的主要是思想、文化上的影響，異化的翻譯則除此之外更有對譯文語言上的異化影響。我們以近代翻譯為例，描述異化的翻譯給漢語白話文在詞彙、句式、句序等方面的影響，特別是其中表現出的顯明性和豐富性，並從社會文化的上下文解釋翻譯/語言的異化。
二十世紀三、四十年代的中國，無論是新詩創作還是英詩的白話漢譯，已度過了早年的萌建期，並開始邁入了繼續探索期。在總結早期那些用新格律體翻譯英語詩歌的基礎上，這一階段中國的一群譯詩家又繼續探求著漢語新詩的規範，並嘗試著採用漢語的音組或頓等策略來迻譯英詩中的音步，此舉對後來的中國英詩漢譯中的格律派的繼續發展有很大的影響。